(Korespondensi) World Health Organization (WHO) and Global World Health Governance in the PostPandemic Era from the Perspectives of Neorealism and Neoliberalism

The Covid-19 pandemic has prompted international organizations such as the World Health
Organization (WHO) to fight the outbreak. WHO, as a critical player in the global health order, is
responsible for preventing the recurrence of pandemics like Covid-19 in the future. This scientific
article, this study examines the role of WHO in developing global health governance through two
essential glasses of International Relations, neorealism and neoliberalism. This study uses qualitative
methods supported by secondary data to support the argument. The results show two opposing
viewpoints on the role of WHO in developing global health governance. The WHO's role is viewed
with skepticism by neorealists, who believe that countries can only rely on themselves to cope with
the threat of future pandemics. On the other hand, the neoliberal perspective encourages countries
to participate in global health governance in collaboration with WHO actively. The author concludes
that the government must continue developing its capabilities to survive another pandemic. States,
on the other hand, must collaborate with international organizational actors to establish inclusive
and adaptive global health governance.