ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of the use of narcotics for medical purposes
under Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning
Health, as well as to examine the harmonization of both laws in providing legal certainty for
healthcare professionals and patients. This research employs a normative juridical method using
statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and
tertiary legal sources collected through library research and analyzed using a prescriptive legal
approach. The findings indicate that Law Number 35 of 2009 regulates narcotics through a
restrictive approach emphasizing control and the prevention of abuse, while Law Number 17 of
2023 provides broader legal recognition for the use of narcotics in healthcare services based on
professional standards, medical service standards, and patients' medical needs. These differing
regulatory orientations create the potential for normative conflicts and legal uncertainty in
medical practice, particularly regarding the lawful use of narcotics for therapeutic purposes.
Therefore, harmonization of the two legal regimes is necessary through systematic legal
interpretation, the application of legal principles, and the enactment of implementing regulations
that clearly govern the use of narcotics for medical purposes. Such harmonization is expected to
ensure legal certainty, strengthen legal protection for healthcare professionals and patients, and
achieve a balanced framework between narcotics control and the fulfillment of the right to
health.
Keywords: narcotics, medical purposes, legal certainty, legal harmonization, healthcare
service